Standard / Regulation / GuidelineSTD-000004

AWWA Manual M46 — Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration

Issuing body: American Water Works Association
Number: M46, 3rd edition
Year: 2019
Status: Current

governs

Technology · TEC-000001Reverse osmosisA pressure-driven membrane process that forces water through a dense, semi-permeable membrane against its osmotic pressure, retaining typically more than 99% of dissolved salts.Open

is cited by

Process · PRC-000003Clean-in-place (CIP)Recirculating low-pH and high-pH cleaning solutions through the pressure vessels to remove scale and foulants — commonly when normalized permeate flow has fallen 10–15%, normalized salt passage has risen 5–10%, or differential pressure has risen about 15%.Open
Technology · TEC-000002Online monitoring and SCADAInline sensors for conductivity, pressure, flow and temperature feeding a supervisory control system, so RO performance can be normalized, trended and alarmed in real time.Open

Version history

Version 1 · published 3 Nov 2026